Accelerated treatment of COVID-19 and SAR&#39;s type viruses

ABSTRACT

Inhalation Via Nebulized Aerosol of Designed solution mixture of 1.8 to 3.7% Hypertonic saline 70 to 85% Ethanol as solvent alternating with 10 milliliters 50 to 90% Theobromine alternatively I.V. Theobromine “c7H8N4O2” infusion alternating with inhaled nebulized exogenous Pulmonary surfactant replacement. The inhalation alternating as an I.V. solution or 1.8% to 2.2% hypertonic solution in Theobromine as 450 mg to 650 mg. in Ethanol, twice daily for advanced COVID-19, SARS patients.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Any nebulizer cup of any medical nebulizer is able to generate thepresent invention mixture/solution for inhalation, this as aerosolizedparticles of the mixture/solution as herein proposed for inhalation. Thepresent invention is a detailed description of a mixture/solution usedspecifically for the COVID_19 and SARs viral infectious disease thatimpacts and initially gains entry via the airway route and does;conceptually by this inventor researcher, challenges such viralinfectivity by and in this route both initially and during the diseaseprocess.

Clearly many type medical nebulizers' may be used however those thatgenerate greater density of smaller aerosol particles meaning aerosolparticles nebulized being sizes below 3 microns and below with a carrierstream of oxygen rich air density below 1.30 to 1.28 g/liter would beoptimal as found below as gaseous mixture as in oxygen, air, along withspecific helium dilutions as seen in and applied in a prior patent USNo: 10,300,226 B2., as example at 25% oxygen mixed with 30% helium as“25% O2:30% He” would effect a gaseous mixture density of

[a](0.30×4)+(0.25×32)+(0.45×28)/22.4=1.2+8+12.6=21.8/22.4=0.973g/l.

a. [Density of Compound by Mass and Molar Fraction Each Gas]

This lower gas mixture density powering the nebulizer, would enhancedepth of penetration in the airways, conceptually to the level of theterminal bronchioles, and there by active diffusion into the alveolarclusters to combat the viral damages at that level of the airways. Asinhaled aerosol of said mixture/solution being the present inventionsfirst embodiment, said fluid is conceived for nebulization as found inthe abstract being-hypertonic saline at 1.8 to 3.7% in a volume of 10milliliters (“ml”) of a 50 to 90% Theobromine, said solution mixtureitself all dissolved in 5 to 10 ml of a 70 to 85% Ethanol as solvent.This as the first and main embodiment of the presentinvention-this-fluid-is a high percentage of ethanol solution havinghypertonic salt and theobromine to decrease the irritation of theinhaled aerosol to the patient such it will achieve several goals.

Theobromine added to cytoprotecting of the pulmonary type 2 cells, thisas surfactant is being damaged by the COVID-19 and SARS viral materialcausing lung compliance problems, requiring greater opening pressuresthereby making breathing spontaneously harder to breathe. Equallytheobromine inhibiting phosphodiesterase enzymes that degrade the secondmessenger, cAMP which regulates intracellular calcium and antagonism ofadenosine receptors, Choi O. H., Shamim M. T., Padgett W. L., Daly J. W.(1988). “Caffeine and theophylline analogues, Adenosine receptorantagonist and as phosphodiesterase inhibitors.” Life Sci 43, 387-398.

As such theobromine to the mixture/solution would allow a reduction of aprogressive alveolar capillary blocking syndrome sadly common inrespiratory distress syndromes also seen in “Hyaline membrane disease.”Equally greater penetration of said aerosolized particles below 3microns in diameter of the stated mixture solution of hypertonic saltdissolved in theobromine and ethanol tends to travels farther into thedeeper recess of the airways in the lung, by two main principals.'First, the nebulized particles being smaller than 3 microns and secondlythe lower carrier gas mixtures density each allow for farther travelinto the depth of the airways. Equally the evaporated hypertonic ethanolis aerosolized as smaller particles archiving a greater travel per tidalvolume of air inhaled, second the evaporated ethanol exists as vaporizedhypertonic salt impacting the airways reducing coughing by just usage ofeither hypertonic salt and or ethanol individually as either wouldelicit irritation as coughing activity that would prohibit depth andincreased deposition of the nebulized hypertonic ethanol from achievingits goals of depth of penetration and spread within the airways. Inaddition, allowing greater diminishing of particle size of said aerosolto allow greater deposits of aerosolized ethanol at each branched airwaysub-division within the airways. Along with the 10 milliliters 50 to 90%Theobromine in 5 to 10 additional milliliters of Ethanol mixed withhypertonic saline as solvent solution. Both ethanol and NaCl designed todeconstruct the viral load and inhibit further colonization andhopefully if applied early enough prevent any colonization. Alternatingthe hypertonic saline in solution with Ethanol is usage of theobromineas added diluent, this as Theobromine “a purine” was added for severalreasons first, to increase the surfactant production of the lungs thisfor cytoprotective pneumocyte type 2 cells by allowing surfactantproduction or increasing its effects while easing the work of breathingand decreasing the damaging effect of less oxygen diffusion by the SARSand or COVID-19 viral particles colonizing withing the lung fields.

As an additional and a second embodiment of the present invention givingwith or separate from nebulized inhalation of the mixture/solution—anAlternating IV solution for advancing debilitating patients of COVID-19and or SARS., the secondary embodiment below as herein presented. As therate of infection timed is inconclusive in these viral infectiousdiseases, as such theobromine may also be used alternatively via I. V.infusion at 600 to 650 mg over a two- to four-hour period to furtherincreases surfactant production in those who have dyspnea and patientreflected 02 saturations below 89% to 91% oxygen saturation. Addition ofpulmonary surfactant by this route, via nebulization has immediatebenefits, as lung surfactant makes it easier for oxygen to penetrate thelung surface lining and move into the blood. Without the lung surfactantit would be extremely hard to breathe, and transfer of oxygen throughthe surface that lines the lungs would be very difficult. Normallysurfactant is produced by the fetus prior to birth setting the stage forlungs to breathe properly as in prematurity of newborns lung surfactantis given as needed replacement as “respiratory distress syndrome” oftenoccurs without it being replaced this is where breathing is labored andoxygen diffusion is hampered similarly to COVID-19.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is this inventors research, as seen in surface deconstruction anddestruction of this cornaviruses “COVID-19” contacting surfaces whereupon contact with the ethanol 70% or higher percentages and hypertonicsaline the ‘COVID-19’ virus is eliminated upon contact. A is seen whenethanol contacts surface viral material, this in as short timespostulated as under 45 seconds. It is a main thrust of this presentinvention to provide safe inhalation of aerosolized ethanol alcohol at70 to 85% as solvent to hypertonic saline that would first provideprotection against rapid colonization decreasing both the viral load andbe a first line of prophylaxis to those with high exposure and or incontact with those carrying said virus, as seen by hospital staff. Orthose in close quarters with those who are asymptomatic yet still areinfected as seen in young children and early teens. It is postulated bythis researcher that clinics could be set up in short time to providesuch aerosolization via either this patient or via a hand held nebulizerusing ethanol at this percentage said herein.

“Ethanol alcohol, as an alcohol an organic alcohol, its molecularformula is C₂H₅OH. Ethanol is an important industrial chemical; it isused as a solvent. in the synthesis of other organic chemicals. Ethanolis the intoxicating ingredient of many alcoholic beverages such as bewine. and distilled spirits. Ethanol is called grain alcohol because itis often made from grains, such as corn (maize), wheat, rye, and barley.First grain is boiled in water to produce the mash, which is incubatedwith maize.

Fermentation typically yields a solution only about 12-15 percentalcohol because higher concentrations being toxic to the yeast cellsused to ferment.

Usage of ethanol alcohol 70 to 85 percent via techniques to aerosolizethis organic alcohol for inhalation safely to combat the spread of thecurrent COVID-19 pandemic by deconstructing the viral load andpreventing and inhibiting colonization of said viral material.Coronavirus is unique in the fact that it has spikes above, thatsurround its bulk ma composition. This inventor postulates as such eachspike provides protection against foreign; foreign to this virus, drugsand antiviral chemicals designed to inhibit, deconstruct or destroythese viruses conceptualized as COVID-19 and Co-SAR bulk structure. Thehypertonicity of the solution 1.8 to 3.7% NaCl as solute will it isconceptualized destroying the whole as carrier structure of the virus bydeconstructing the spike protein by directly denaturing its proteincoat[ing]. It is so far as knowledge has been gained in this COVID-19structure, is postulated that cell transmission is achieved post entryby the viral coronal having spikes invaginating into the hosts cellmembrane and securing an attachment that allows entry within the hostcell conscripting its internal machinery to reproduce its structures.The focus is that the salt herein NaCl within the ethanol will notcompletely dissolve but will stay suspended within the carrier streambut would slightly dissociate becoming cations and anions and woulddeconstruct the viral material upon contact. Equally NaCl as thedissociated salt wet with ethanol would adhere and contact the viralmaterial within the airways; the predominate route of entrance of theseviruses. As such Sodium chloride (NaCl) is soluble in water (360 g/1)while only sparingly soluble in ethanol (0.65 g/l, likely NaCl woulddissolve more easily in water but would not dissolve to any appreciableextent in ethanol.

Nebulized Impact on COVID-19:

As such the viral spike[s] will post entry into the airways first attachand invaginate into a host cell over the first two days, transferringthe viral material into the host to invade and mass produce-viareplication-its destructive to the hosts biochemical cellular machinerywhich elicits a cytokine cascade that may well destroy the hosts organsand or elicit a cytokine storm that is the cause of much morbidly andmortality in the critically ill patients having succumbed to the virusload and immunity response to such load. As the main transmission ofthis virus is known to be via inhalation and contact to the oralnasopharyngeal region as initial route down further into the airwaysaccessing the lungs of its host. Upon contact and implantation thencolonizing and growing in short period to increase its viral load to thehost causing biochemical cascades of protective mechanism to protect thehost which sadly end up causing greater damage then assistance.

The benefit of the inhaled ethanol is several fold. First, it is knownthat ethanol, even isotonic ethanol, tends to inhibits superoxide anion;while this has benefit in and of itself it is not the primary benefit.What is the main benefit is gross inhibition of viral load andcolonization this achieved via the ethanol's′ also causing cellexpansion, this by ethanol being an isotonic media, as ethanol functionsas hypertonic to the cell causing expansion and rupture as thehypertonic salt, being 2× that of physiological saline. As such shouldthe viral load via its spikes invaginate the host cells within theairway, such cells intra-airway are initially; it is hypothesized to befirst, to engorge the cell with fluid then to extend the cell membranesbarriers then burst, ruptured by the ethanol and hypertonic salt inhaledand deposited within the airway. Additionally in later COVID-19, SARsprogression states-in patients who have had the viral already colonized,the usage of intravenous solution conceptually would affect the samedamage to the virus even though already fully colonized in the blood andcell stream. Equally as ethanol has less dialectic than water, together,as solution usage of the hypertonic saline will promote ionic bondingbetween the sodium ion and the PO³ from the dna backbone causingextraction of those cells already conscripted by COVID-19 causingdisruption and decay of the conscripted viral host cells reversing thetime sequence of the viral load allowing more destruction of the viralload even post merging with the hosts cells. Without this method ofattack upon the COVID-19 disease, the conscription and merging will beunchallenged typically causing infiltration and inflammation to the lungand its delicate alveolar-capillary membrane with combined resultingpneumonias and oxygen diffusion blockades. Leading to increasinghypoxia; low oxygen levels in blood, and cardiac, kidney, and braincomplications requiring supplemental oxygen and if unchallenged quickly,sadly leading to respiratory failure requiring ventilatory support toprolong life and limb. It is conceptualized that as ethanol isoxidized—oxidation process of ethanol results in the loss of hydrogen.Which together with the NaCl split is conceived as being a ionophoreacting specifically increasing the ion permeability of the cell membranethus endocytosis should well be disrupted by the Na and or Clinvaginating the lipid barrier of the cell membrane post viral mergingduring colonization of the COVID-19 or SARS virus, this increasing, bybinding to the host cellular machinery, said mixture/solution nowdamaging the receptor activity of the spike protein even post cellendocytosis. Perhaps equally by lowering the alveolar type two cells pHthe production of surfactant now by the mixture/solution theobromine asaddition of surfactant is desired and should well be increased by theaddition of theobromine as stated herein.

Equally these COVID-19 and CO-SAR viruses, while may secondarily impactairways diameters by reflex inflammation via biochemical cascade fromcytokine storms primarily target critical alveolar capillary membranesthis increasing oxygen diffusion barriers. Sadly adding semi to fullpneumonic process which block and tend to decrease oxygen levels,dangerously increasing both morbidity and mortality. As in allconditions affecting one's airway diameters leading to the impeding ofnormal required airflow dynamics with associative increased work ofbreathing. Here however in COVID-19 and SARs additional viral damage thehypoxia; low level of oxygen in blood, is compounded by the effects ofalveolar capillary blocking by the damaged done by the virus upon thePneumocyte Type 2 cells, as conceived by the main researcher,immediately decreasing surfactant production levels and causinginfiltrates and fibroses to the alveolar clusters that allow gasdiffusion of both oxygen and carbon dioxide.

Major impact is via the SARS CoV-2 virus initial entry is via theairways either directly into the tracheobronchial tree or colonizationpost nasopharyngeal implantation it is the airways are impacted firstover certain time span; mostly in advanced cases hours the migrationtends down one airways with colonization the lungs later, many withpulmonary infiltrates, the surfactant and theobromine are therefore usedto cryoprotect the alveolar type 2 cells and their ability to createsurfactant. As such blocking such needed oxygen diffusion to the cellsof the body, heart, brain, kidneys and causing greater needed airwaypressures to open the lungs, such effects present cascades of problems.While the ethanol is utilized to deconstruct it is also together withthe hypertonic saline used to directly damage the invading viralenvelope.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Mixture/Solution Composition asBelow

Designed solution mixture of 1.8 to 3.7% Hypertonic saline in 70 to 85%Ethanol as solvent said solution mixture added one treatment with onewithout alternating along with 10 milliliters 50 to 90% Theobromine forInhalation alternatively composition as I.V. Theobromine “C7H8N4O2”infusion alternating with inhaled nebulized exogenous Pulmonarysurfactant replacement. The inhalation also conceptually used forindividuals more symptomatic, alternating as an I.V. solution, howeverwith a limit of 1.8% to 2.2% hypertonic solution in 70 to 85% Ethanolalong with Theobromine; different than inhaled compositions whereas IVsolution used as 450 mg to 650 mg. intermittently per day said IV having50 to 150 ml of 70 to 85% Ethanol dissolved in one and one half literssolution twice daily for advanced COVID-19, SARS patients.

1. I claim a specifically designed solution-mixture used either inhaledand or intravenous route as a treatment of Acute and or Chronicrespiratory distress brought on by invasion by COVID-19 and or SAR'stype viruses, and or any associated sub-variants arising and orsecondary bacterial infection as treatment.
 2. I claim the usage of auniquely designed for less dense gaseous mixture composed of the herein“oxygen enriched air mixed with helium” gases for purposes of providingaerosolization of the solution-mixture and medicines achieving greaterdepth of penetration in medical and non-medical aerosol administrationusage by inhalation.
 3. I claim dependent upon claim 2 the greaterability of surfactant replacement by usage of less dense oxygen rich airwith helium to provide greater spread in shorter times for usage inthose with airways disease by damaged surfactant pools or by deficientsurfactant pools, making it harder to breath due to greater surfacetension in those individuals effected by dysfunction or deficientsurfactant pools.
 4. I claim dependent upon claim 1 above, said solutionmixture may be used for any individual presenting with ARDS (“AcuteRespiratory Distress Syndrome”) or CRDS (“Chronic Respiratory DistressSyndrome”) caused by any viral and or secondary bacterial condition,this as a medical treatment.
 5. I claim as dependent upon claim 4 abovesaid solution mixture used as a prophylactic for COVID-19 variant's thatarise in the course of transmission variables and or othercircumstance's that cause viral mutations to arise in the course of thispandemic and or any other endemic or pandemic state of being.
 6. I claimthe usage of theobromine as both a phosphodiesterase inhibitor to modifycytokine storms while simultaneously effecting bronchodilation of airwayreduction diameters affected by diseases the like as COPD and or Asthmaand or Emphysema.
 7. I claim as dependent claim from claim no. 6 theunique usage of theobromine, either as liquid or powder form for purposeof as cough and cough reflex suppressant that controls coughing withoutinterference with central nervous system regulations as other coughsuppressants cause and providing greater suppression and being safer bylimiting or removing side effects as seen by other cough suppressants.'8. I claim as dependent upon claim No. 1 the usage of a less denseoxygen enriched helium gaseous mixture to effect greater tidal volume ofair entry into breathing disabled individual's who have respiratorydistress either acute or chronic.
 9. I claim as dependent claim uponclaim No. 4, above the usage of oxygen enriched air with helium mix as amixture of gases for improving and providing greater depth ofaerosolized medication for assisting in breathing, Drugs as antibioticsand or airway diameter openers and or exogenous surfactant replacementadministration.
 10. I claim as dependent claim of No. 7 above, thegreater benefits above the current arts had by usage of theobrominesingularly and in the solution-mixture in application to the airways andlung fields by inhalation, it being both a phosphodiesterase inhibitorand methylxanthine.
 11. I claim as dependent claim of No. 10 above, thegreater benefits above the arts in use of theobromine in thesolution-mixture, either singularly or in combination by the theobromineadditive as a methylxanthine and as a phosphodiesterase inhibitor allowsfor a milder relaxation of the inflammatory airway diameterconstriction.
 12. I claim as dependent claim of No. 11 above, usage ofinhaled theobromine in airway dysfunction and or disease additionallycombatting the cytokine cascades commonly seen in COVID-19 and SAR'svariants.' This where a steroid drug or other anti-inflammatory drug andor medicine would simply not due in enough time and have negative sideeffects. Certainly not by the inhalation route.
 13. I claim asindependent claim a method of attack upon the COVID-19 disease, as atreatment, the only direct airway treatment available to date, thatchallenges the conscription and merging of COVID-19-of all variant'sarising-typically causing infiltration and inflammation to the bothairways and lungs as its delicate alveolar-capillary membrane withcombined resulting pneumonias and oxygen diffusion blockades.
 14. Iclaim as extension and dependent upon claim No. 11, above the selectionof theobromine in the solution-mixture and as single ingredient used asaerosol or in I.V. route would allow several benefits other airwaychemicals and or drugs that would not be able to achieve as this presentinvention does.
 15. I claim as extension of claim No. 2, above the usageof oxygen enriched air mixed with helium” gases to allow easierbreathing in those with respiratory problems as seen in patients havingChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (“C.O.P.D.”) and or thoseindividuals for whatever reasons; medical or surgical have difficulty ingenerating good inspiratory negative draw.